This article discusses the sources and characteristics of terrorism in Central Asia, particularly in Kyrgyzstan as well as the scope and effectiveness of counter-terrorism measures in the region. The article analyzes the threats to regional security, nature of radicalism, reasons of population's involvement in radical politics and the impact of Afghanistan on the problem of terrorism in the region. The article also focuses on the phenomenon of terrorism in Kyrgyzstan by identifying its main causes, such as weak political institutions, the crisis of ideology in the post-Soviet era and Kyrgyzstan's legal system. It also discusses the history of terrorism, and active terrorist movements within the borders of the Kyrgyz Republic. In addition, the article explores the legal and regulatory frameworks of Kyrgyz Republic in which the Kyrgyz authorities take their measures to combat terrorism. In this respect, the article also identifies role of regional security institutions in countering terrorism. These regional security organizations include the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO).