Stem cells are valuable tools for the study of developmental biology, drug discovery and modeling and understanding disease, and they also show great potential for the development of stem-cell-based therapies. Stem cells and their derivatives do indeed form the basis of therapies for treating a select number of diseases, including hematopoietic stem cell transplants for bone marrow diseases and the use of epithelial stem-cell-based treatments for corneal disorders and burns. Recent studies reveal that regenerative medicine is in transit to clinical trials include the use of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) derivatives to treat macular degeneration, stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The hESC have two essential characteristics: the unlimited proliferation capacity and pluripotency, which was the ability to differentiate into any cell type of the human body. By their self-renewal capacity and the ability to differentiate for example into neurons or keratinocytes, it can be imagine to prepare a bank of allogenic cells derived from hESCs to treat patients. The current challenge is the transition from bench to bedside.