Discovering effective solutions to cope with the problems associated with human health issues necessitates the use of state of the art techniques in the fields of medicinal, industrial, and service-providing applications. Proteins are undoubtedly the work-horse of biological systems and play vital roles in a wide variety of important processes. Thus monitoring of proteins in cells and tissues using vibrational spectroscopy can be valuable for diagnosis and screening. Vibrational spectroscopy is particularly attractive as it can be used to probe proteins in complex systems including cells, tissues, biofluids and even whole organisms without the need for potentially perturbing probe molecules. Thanks to developments in instrumentation and data processing tools, it provides the researchers and laboratory technicians with relative ease to overcome the hurdles associated with the biological specimen preparations for protein research and handling of the data that is collected from a large number of samples and a huge variety of sources. In this chapter, besides experimental techniques and methods used in protein screening, applications of vibrational spectroscopy to different biological systems will be discussed.