Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a specific technique of Raman spectroscopy when signal enhancement of several orders is achieved for numerous molecules placed in the closest vicinity of certain rough metal surfaces. Despite of some experimental difficulties and undesirable concomitant effects, this technique provides numerous promises for both highly specific and sensitive measurements. This chapter reviews the state-of-the-art in the field of SERS applications in biomolecular, cellular and biomedical studies. Prior to this, the reader is familiarized with the basics of SERS phenomenon and its experimental aspects including the most common or promising types of SERS-active substrates.