Recent years have seen a growing interest in the use of Raman-based spectroscopy as an analytical tool for the chemical analysis of biological samples. Raman spectroscopy has found many applications in cellular and structural biology, biomedicine, and biodetection. Its attractiveness for live biological studies lies mainly in its high sensitivity to molecular interactions and small molecular scale conformational changes. In addition, the noninvasiveness of this approach permits both in-vitro and in-vivo studies. This increased interest has been a result of advances in both instrumentation and techniques that have enabled improved data acquisition and data interpretation. This chapter addresses recent advances in Raman-based techniques and highlights their uses in specific biological studies.