Recent research suggests that chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and chronic low back pain (LBP) frequently co-occur and that similar mechanisms may exist for maintaining both conditions. On the basis of medical records, interviews and different self-reported questionnaires we analyzed the relationship between chronic LBP, chronic PTSD and quality of life in 406 Croatian war veterans. Our results have shown that chronic PTSD may be associated with greater pain perception in war veterans. There is a need for a multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of patients with chronic PTSD and comorbid chronic LBP in order to optimize treatment that would result in more cost-effective care. Today, in the treatment of chronic pain and chronic PTSD the focus is on so-called “rational polypharmacy.” The authors would like to present their clinical experience in the treatment of patients with chronic LBP and chronic PTSD.