The sources of pollution in the Dnieper and Siversky Donets river basin watershed areas are mining and smelting industries. Industrial wastewater in the above urban areas creates various risks for the environment. The result is that the volumetric share of wastewater in river flows for some rivers (such as Lugan, Vovcha, Samara, and Ingulets) ranges from one third to one half. The environmental state of the water resources of the Siversky Donets watershed area, and for some points of the Dnieper river, is assessed as being catastrophic. Water mineralization in the rivers crossing mining regions is up to 3-4.5g/l. Water in some middle and small rivers do not meet the irrigation requirements because of hazard of alkalinisation for arable lands.