The following chapter first looks at the complicated issue of terrorism and presents a number of scholarly definitions in an attempt to better understand this phenomenon. Next we look at the concept of counterterrorism and then specifically look at a number of counterterrorism techniques that have been used in the past to combat this particular threat. At this point, we discuss possible reasons for terrorism and consider the theory of cultural competency and that of representation as a vehicle to counter terrorist threats. Finally, we look at the Kurdish people in Turkey as a type of case study to understand how the ideas of cultural competency and representation, could be included as part of a counterterrorism policy both in Turkey and abroad.