Between September 2000 and September 2004, 72 casualties of terror attacks were treated in the rehabilitation department in Jerusalem; among them 17 suffered from Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). As a control, we evaluated the rehabilitation process and outcome of 39 non-terror TBI patients treated in the same department at the same period. All patients were assessed upon admission and discharged from the rehabilitation department and at the end of their stay in rehabilitation day-care. Clinical data include demographic data, injury severity according to the Injury Severity Scale (ISS), length of stay, imaging results, surgical interventions, and complications. ADL was measured using the Functional Independence Measurement (FIM); cognitive and memory functions were measured using specific evaluation batteries. Terror TBI patients were significantly younger than the non-terror group (29 ± 9.5 versus 39.5 ±21, p=0.05). ISS score was significantly higher among terror victims and they had a higher rate of intracerebral hemorrhage, brain surgery and penetrating brain injuries with foreign bodies. The mean total length of stay of terror TBI patients in rehabilitation was 201± 88 days as opposed to 167± 148 days of non-terror victims (not significant). There was no difference in the mean FIM values of terror and non-terror TBI patients and both groups improved similarly reaching a mean FIM score of 119 upon discharge. In both groups, cognitive and memory tests improved significantly during rehabilitation without differences between the groups. Terror victims suffered from a higher percentage of posttraumatic epilepsy (35% versus 10% p=0.05). The rate of PTSD was similar in both groups as well as the rate of return to previous occupation. Although TBI terror victims had more severe injuries, they gained backmost ADL functions and their rehabilitation outcomes were similar to non-terror TBI patients.