Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a common occurrence of modern warfare. It can be accompanied by multiple co-morbidities including Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and chronic pain. Most brain injuries are mild with complete recovery. However, residual symptoms may remain in some cases, making post-injury adjustment challenging. A thorough understanding of the physics of injury mechanisms, knowledge of neuroanatomy and pathways, and available assessment tools is necessary for optimal clinical management of a brain-injured patient. Clinical treatment guidelines and consensus findings are now available to assist the clinician in caring for these complex patients.