Many regions of Central Asia and Caucasus are characterised as zones of great global geochemical and radiological risks. This is connected with intense natural and man-made impacts, as well as the political and economic situation. For the first group of impacts we address mountainous areas with high seismic levels, large lakes and rivers with powerful hydroelectric stations, sizeable reservoirs and large high dams, high degrees of industrial activity that increases probabilities for man-induced and natural catastrophes with irreversible high levels of radioactive, toxic and other pollutants of large areas such as the Black, Caspian and Kara Seas, and their river basins. The second group of impacts relate to the disbanding of the USSR and the creation of new independent states with additional international frictions, which results in inadequate or totally absent environmental monitoring of, especially, trans-boundary areas. The proximity of these regions to zones of dormant or active conflicts promote situations with great opportunities for performing deliberate acts of terrorism using explosives, and area also able to cause man-induced catastrophes and stimulate natural calamities. Presented here is our approach to resolving the noted actual problems, and its implementation will promote the realization of the concept of substantial development and decreasing political stress for all countries located on the continent.