A methodology for the integral estimation of population health and the environment, based on the toxico-mutagenic background, has been developed. This methodology of socio-ecological monitoring, with the use of high-sensitivity cytogenetic methods of bio-indication, has been tested in one of the most anthropogenically loaded regions of Ukraine, the Dnepropetrovsk region, with the purpose of defining the dependence of changes in human health on the contamination level of the land. The levels of environmental hazard to humans and biota in the areas of mining-industrial production have been determined. The presented methodology allows the visualization of the collected data by means of medical-ecological maps and a comparison with other ecological characteristics. The data obtained form the basis for the acceptance of administrative decisions on improving population health and the environment.