In the article, the assessment of the nuclear environment on the territory of the Republic of Moldova before and after the Chernobyl accident is presented. The results of research on Sr-90, Cs-137 nuclide migration in the soil surface, the factors and parameters causing their accumulation and transfer to the yield of the main agricultural crops are shown. On that basis, the methodical approaches to the assessment, forecasting and regulation levels of contamination of plants and soils are described. The need for a radiological monitoring and its application as a means of nuclear product quality management, and the optimization of protective measures for the diminution of consequences in the agricultural sphere from nuclear contamination of agricultural land, is defined.