This chapter argues that the management of refugee affairs was a crucial day-to-day responsibility of American occupation troops in western Germany after World War Two. Because of official disinterest in the refugee problem, conventional histories of the occupation have largely ignored the important connections between different groups of refugees and the occupation forces. In places like Lower Franconia, the American decision to expand its troop presence in Central Europe after 1950 had important repercussions for refugee populations, since many remaining refugee camps occupied space now claimed by the US Army.