This chapter describes the key terrorists threats to Turkey and the main features of the country's institutional response to these challenges. Four types of terrorism threaten Turkey: left-wing groups, right-wing groups, separatist movements, and Al-Qaeda connected international terrorism. Turkey's Interior Ministry is the key agency responding to these threats. The authorities have carried out successful operations through diplomacy and working to address the root causes of terrorism. Nevertheless, Turkey does not always receive the attention it deserves from the international community. Much more work is needed in building an international coalition and addressing terrorism's underlying causes. Turkey could make a much larger contribution to international counter-terrorism efforts by training other law enforcement agencies.