NDE techniques that use some form of electromagnetic excitation are termed as electromagnetic NDE techniques and these include eddy current, magnetic flux leakage, Barkhausen emission, micromagnetic, potential drop, microwave etc. techniques. The concurrent advances in sensors, signal processing, instrumentation, modeling etc. have enhanced the capabilities of the traditional electromagnetic NDE techniques enabling detection and characterization of incipient defects, changes in microstructures and accumulated plastic deformation or damage prior to crack formation. This paper discusses some recent advances in electromagnetic NDE techniques for detection of defects, corrosion damage and microstructure changesin both ferrous and non-ferrous materials with the help of example case studies and applications.