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Quantification of the arterial baroreflex has been achieved with different evaluation techniques. Some measurements usually involve pharmacological or mechanical stimulation of the baroreflex, and neglect the feedforward effect of R-R interval (RR) on arterial blood pressure (ABP). The autoregressive multivariate techniques described in this study satisfy both the requirements of a non-invasive and a closed-loop evaluation of the interactions between RR and ABP. The closed-loop analysis is also able to calculate some of the indices previously used for baroreflex quantification, allowing for a direct comparison of the different approaches. Application to recordings from both a group of healthy subjects in different physiological conditions, and from a group of subjects with mild hypertension, suggests that failure to consider the feedforward effect could lead to an overestimation of the baroreflex quantification.
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