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This paper reports a real-time ultrasound study of femoral anteversion (FAV) and tibial torsion (TT) in 78 subjects referred to hospital after school screening for scoliosis. Comparison with a control population of children matched for age and sex the shows no FAV asymmetry, but the left FAV of boys is significantly less than the left FAV of girls. In boys and girls combined, FAV asymmetry is weakly associated with Cobb angle (but not AVR) in each of thoracic curves (not sidewise) and thoracolumbar curves (sidewise). In girls alone, FAV asymmetry is associated with Cobb angle of thoracolumbar and lumbar curves combined (p=0.013, sidewise). In contrast, TT asymmetry is found in both boys and girls but is not significantly different from controls. The findings are discussed in relation to the neural control of proximal and distal limb musculature and spinal musculature in health and in AIS subjects.
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