In Turkmenistan, dromedaries of the Arvana breed created as a result of long selection. The pasture conditions in Karakoum desert which occupy area more than 38 mln ha make possible to maintain significant herd of camels. They using to the fodder an upper part of the suffrutescent bushes and do not limit the possibility of the growth of sheep and goats livestock. Camels do not disrupt the ecology of deserts, as showed the special studies by ‐Research Institute of Livestock and Veterinary Science. Because of the extreme insufficiency of irrigation water in the territory of Turkmenistan for many years the basic form of animals remained sheep and the camels, their number in the former Transcaspian region in was respectively 5784 thousand of heads and 457 thousand of heads without taking into account their livestock in Lebap and Dashoguz regions. The enormous loss of livestock was substituted with the coming of the Soviet regime. The significant part of the cattle is slaughtered to the meat and was driven away beyond the country borders. In 1941 on the entire territory of Turkmenistan there were remained only 2596 thousand head of small livestock and 79 thousand heads of camels.

At that time the camels basically used as working animal and they widely were used on the agricultural works, for the loads transportation the fulfillment of tillage, treating of soil, etc. Therefore the main direction of stock‐breeding work was connected with further consolidation of sizes and increase in the living mass, which should lead to an increase in its general capacity for work. The current selection allowed to get a heavy and high productive Arvana breed for milk, meat and wool.