For a long time, camel sciences focused mainly on diseases and traditional use with some studies involved in physiological adaptation aspects. For the last decennia, new trends in camel and desert sciences could be observed. In analytical sciences, new data on blood and milk biochemistry, molecular genetic and immunology increased. Furthermore, new technologies in reproduction and in milk production processing were proposed through international cooperation between scientists, including high interaction with private sector. The adding values of camel products, especially milk, were studied in some cases. New techniques for intensification of camel farming were proposed and tested in farms, both for reproduction and production. In veterinary sciences, ecopathological approach was still rarely developed, except to study diarrhoea on young camel. Moreover, systemic studies, with the aim to consider camel into their ecosystem, were rarely engaged except for wild camel in Australia. Finally, economical studies of camel sub sector both at national level and in international trade is the main lack in camel sciences today. According to these trends, advances research in camel sciences could be supported by the international scientific community and funding agencies by promoting the role of camel and camel farming in desertification combat and food security in arid lands.