The Concerted Action analysed the clinical problems, identified suitable analytes, and considered sites for continuous in vivo monitoring. As a result its activity focused onto subcutaneous glucose monitoring for diabetes, and intravascular oxygen and ion monitoring for critical care. Common standards for the evaluation and use of continuous invasive glucose sensors were agree. Device strategies were formulated, defining the necessary characteristics and matching them with available technologies. The need for new technology was identified and the development of these systems was promoted, with particular attention to packaging. Recent developments in non-invasive methods were critically evaluated. Clinical testing of sensors was organised and the need for new physiological information identified. An international centre and core of excellence in Europe was established. The practical achievements of the Concerted Action were widely published and summaries appear in the proceedings of the final workshop (Danielsson & Hakansson, Abstracts of Workshop at Snogeholm, Sweden, Oct 1-4. 92 pp.1991) and the book “In vivo chemical sensors: recent developments” (ed. A P F Turner & S J Alcock, Cranfield Press, Bedford 1992). The overall conclusions (summarised in the present report) are published in full in the book “Chemical sensors for in vivo monitoring”, (ed. A P F Turner, JAI press Ltd. 1993). Information was disseminated throughout Europe and internationally. An internationally accessible database was set up.

The collaboration and exchange of information resulted in fabrication and testing of new devices for in vivo monitoring, with particular advances in glucose sensors.