The changing security environment puts a high premium on more systematic engagement of the science and technology community in order to improve relevant security capabilities. New science and technology clusters in the fields of biotechnology and life sciences are likely to be increasingly important in countering dangers stemming from the use of chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive (CBRNE) material. Although governments will benefit from entering into long-standing partnerships with key stakeholders in these new areas, engaging them will not be easy. Specific normative, regulatory, economic and scientific disincentives need to be overcome. Besides addressing these problems, this Chapter argues that a more strategic approach to security science and technology will be necessary. To this purpose, a comprehensive map of existing capabilities and needs has to be laid out, security science and technology policies commensurate with the new risks and a nation's grand strategy need to be set up, and security capabilities and security science and technology need to be developed in tandem.