This Chapter examines the need for better decision processes on national security issues with a science and technology dimension and suggests ways to improve those processes. The Chapter summarises the key points from a study by the Potomac Institute for Policy Studies, titled Shaping Science and Technology to Serve National Security and published in greater detail elsewhere [1]. The study was conducted under the auspices of Senators Jeff Bingaman and Joseph Lieberman, Representative Curt Weldon, Deputy Undersecretary for Defense (Science and Technology), Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Department of the Army, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, National Intelligence Council, National Science Foundation, Office of Naval Research, and the U.S. Coast Guard.