In this chapter a conceptual foundation of employing music in rehabilitation is highlighted. The basic assumption is that, when a person is involved in performing or listening to music, she has a comprehensive experience in which several mental registers are activated simultaneously. The specific effect of music is to trigger a coordinated action of motor, visuospatial and verbal mechanisms. Thanks to the synergic activation of these mechanisms, music can stimulate, support and driven the mental functions to be rehabilitated.