This paper briefly reviews the activities of the fire and rescue department, the structure of the fire and rescue forces, as well as their role in responding to emergencies in Lithuania. It also provides legal basics of the fire and rescue department, and the aforementioned forces in the field of civil protection. Finally, this article provides an opinion about the principle activities of the national health care system in preparing for emergencies, and outlines our views on the importance of scientific networking for the rescue services.