In this section, a case study on system optimisation applying Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) methods is reported: the radiofrequency (RF) coupling system of a linear accelerator for proton therapy treatments is the topic of the analysis.

In subsection 6.1, a general overview on hadron therapy, mainly proton therapy, is given; the advantages in using this medical treatment are highlighted, focusing on the growing need for cancer care, and pointing out solutions to bring proton therapy to patients using innovative systems as a response to the increased demand for cancer treatment.

In subsection 6.2, basic concepts on Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Criticality Analysis are described, with emphasis on the Tasks Identification and the Risks Evaluation Methods.

In subsections 6.3 and 6.4, all the FMECA phases required for the optimisation of the RF coupling system, from the previous version dated 2001 to the up-to-date version of 2010, are investigated. Final conclusions are collected in subsection 6.5.