This General Report is an overview of the papers which were submitted to Main Session 6: “Role of Geotechnics for the Protection of the Environment” of the XV European Conference of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, held from 12–15 September 2011 in Athens, Greece. The session comprised two parallel discussion sessions, devoted to “Geo-environmental Issues” (Session 6.1), and “Monuments and Historic Sites” (Session 6.2). In the following, the received papers are discussed in the framework of five very general themes, namely: (1) energy, (2) waste disposal and stabilised soil, (3) re-use of industrial by-products in geotechnical structures, (4) impact of human activities on the environment, and (5) monuments and historic sites. There are obvious areas of overlap between these themes and, where possible, this has been underlined. For each of the themes, the main issues, problems, tools, and methods are described and potential contributions of geotechnical engineering identified.