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This paper outlines the loading, control and instrumentation systems of two Hollow Cylinder Apparatus' used at Imperial College in recent research into the potentially strong anisotropy of brittle stiff clays and mudrocks. The HCAs can apply a wide range of stress paths and modes of shearing allowing the direction of the major principal stress axis, α (or that of the principal stress increment, αdσ) and the α2 parameter, b = (α2-α3)/(α1-α3) to be controlled independently. The paper describes how representative intact HCA specimens were formed from rotary cores and block samples and reports on the steps taken to minimize stress-strain non-uniformity and specimen set-up disturbance set up. While the characterization of anisotropic shear strength is reported elsewhere, it is shown how non-linear and anisotropic mudrock stiffness was characterized and improved simple shear tests conducted.
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