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In the current design practice the evaluation of the skin friction developed on piles shaft in sand is obtained using the “β method”, which accounts, implicitly, for a number of factors, controlling the magnitude of the ultimate shaft friction, τsu, specifically: the initial state of the sand, its modification caused by pile installation, the soil shear strength and the roughness of the pile-soil interface. To analyse the friction interface behaviour, avoiding the effect of the base resistance, a series of 32 pull-out centrifuge tests have been performed, from which the β coefficients were determined and compared to those estimated from back analysis of loading tests on full scale piles. The β vs. depth profile gathered from centrifuge tests in dense sand was explained by the increment of the radial stresses on the pile shaft occurred during loading.
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