Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the current status of self-worth among elderly individuals (aged 85 and above) in welfare institutions and to explore the effects of reminiscence therapy on their cognitive biases, negative emotions, and interpersonal communication barriers in elderly care. Methods: An 8-month long intervention and questionnaire survey was conducted using the Self-Worth Sense Scale for the senior citizens in the jurisdiction of Shanghai N Welfare Institute and its two community health service centers directly under it. 530 senior citizens were randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group, and the intervention group was provided with recall activities once every two weeks for one hour at a time, and the Social Involvement Scale, Quality of Life Scale and Self-Worth Sense Scale were used to measure the Intervention effect. Results: The total score of self-worth of the elderly was significantly improved through the recall intervention, and the five dimensions of influencing ability, interpersonal relationship, rule quality, psychological quality and physical ability were significantly improved. Conclusion: The effect of “Thinking Back” on the self-worth of institutionalized elderly is positive and effective, and the design of “Thinking Back” intervention activities is operable for the social work practice of institutionalized elderly.