The project xShare supports citizens’ empowerment within the EHDS through the use of the “yellow button” which allows individuals to share their own structured data with third parties, also for secondary use purposes. Focusing on the six information domains listed by the EHDS, the project articulates the artefacts for each domain and for identified real-live use cases. To identify current and prospective useful use cases for Public Health (PH), it is important to understand if and how the different European states are getting ready for the implementation of the EHDS and the main existing challenges. To collect this information, we analysed the available literature and launched a survey exploring the current state of consolidation of PH datasets, the standards used, the associated workflows and the possible prospective use cases. We also identified and studied four countries that represent the best “only once” practice examples in Europe.