High-quality development represents the principal objective of establishing a modern socialist country in all respects. In this context, the opening of public data serves as an important measure for China to reform its public governance and stimulate the high-quality development of enterprises by leveraging data elements within the new developmental landscape. This paper offers a theoretical analysis concerning how the opening of public data can empower enterprises towards achieving high-quality development. Our study reveals that opening public data effectively enhances the high-quality development of enterprises through several mechanisms: promoting the transformation of production factors, facilitating a shift in driving forces, reducing transaction costs, and expanding knowledge horizons.