Digital intelligence refers to the integration of digital technologies and intelligent digitalization, which encompasses the development and application of data as a new productive force for societal benefit. Blended teaching has become essential in adapting to the educational advancements of the digital intelligence era. The deep integration of digital intelligence technology and classroom teaching has become the new norm of education and teaching reform. As the core technology of artificial intelligence (AI), a knowledge graph can express the knowledge system visually, integrate educational resources, collect learning process data to realize the monitoring and diagnosis of the learning process and meet the diversified needs of intelligent education applications. It is an effective tool for deeply integrating nursing education and AI. As healthcare technology continues to evolve and knowledge is rapidly updated, students need to continually learn and update their knowledge base so as to keep up with professional development. Therefore, this study explored the practical strategy of digital–intelligent blended teaching of Surgical Nursing by reshaping and integrating the course content, sorting out the course knowledge system, and constructing the course knowledge graph to enable students to systematically master the learning content and access high-quality learning resources. It provided a reference for the digital transformation of higher education, with a view to promoting the consolidation of students’ mastery of basic knowledge, improving students’ clinical thinking and comprehensive ability to implement holistic care for patients, and cultivating students’ ability to acquire and use cutting-edge knowledge.