With global demographic changes, population ageing has become one of the most important social phenomena of the 21st century, with far-reaching implications for China and the global economic system. This article comprehensively analyses the impact of population ageing on macroeconomics, regional economy and microeconomics, and discusses effective policy response strategies. The article first analyses the current situation and trend of population ageing, then discusses its impact on digital macroeconomics, digital regional economy and digital microeconomics, and finally makes macroeconomic and social security policy recommendations to cope with ageing. The findings of this study underscore the necessity for collective action by governments, businesses, social organisations and individuals alike in order to effectively address the challenges associated with an ageing population. Further research is required to enhance comprehension of the impacts of ageing, particularly in the context of the accelerated development of the digital economy. Additionally, investigation into the effective utilisation of technology to optimise the quality of life and social participation of older individuals is a subject that merits comprehensive examination. This paper advocates for collective action by all societal sectors to construct a comprehensive strategic framework for adapting to an ageing society, with the objective of ensuring sustained and robust economic growth and comprehensive and harmonious social advancement.