The relationship between exercise, obesity, and related issues has currently become a hot topic in international research. This article uses 1745 articles on “Exercise and Obesity” included in the Web of Science Core Collection as the data source, and conducts bibliometric analysis on the obtained data using CiteSpace V. The research results indicate that the field of exercise and obesity research is currently in the stage of internalization and absorption, and there is a need to increase support and investment in innovative research to ensure the sustainable development of this field; At the same time, academic teams and research institutions should strengthen interaction and cooperation, promote knowledge sharing, innovative research methods, and interdisciplinary integration. From the trend of research, the public’s attention to this topic is gradually shifting from scattered to concentrated. The future focus will be on the effectiveness of exercise interventions, individual differences, and interdisciplinary cooperation, to provide scientifically precise strategies for the prevention and treatment of obesity.