This paper took the soil and river water along the Taohe River Basin as the research object, and collected soil samples near the river in the Taohe River Basin that can represent the surrounding topography and geomorphology, by carrying out natural rainfall simulation test, and many times water quality section near the natural soil samples rainfall simulation test water samples collected and tested, respectively, the main ions (magnesium ions, potassium ions, sodium ions, chloride and calcium ions) and physicochemical properties of the soil of Luqu station, Minxian station, Lijia Village, Hongqi station of the main stream and Xiabalgou station of the tributary Bola River of the water quality monitoring and analysis, and the comparative analysis of the major ions in the soil of the surface and the physicochemical properties of the influence on the relevant constituents of water in the Taohe River Basin. The results of the study showed that there was a close correlation between some of the ions and physicochemical properties of the soils along the Taohe River Basin and the river, while some of them were not correlated.