Geosynthetic materials have become indispensable in modern construction and engineering, owing to their distinctive properties and wide-ranging applications. This paper offers a comprehensive comparative analysis of four primary types of geosynthetic materials: geotextiles, geomembranes, geogrids, and geocells. The study delves into their physical-mechanical properties, various areas of application, as well as their respective advantages and limitations. By drawing on data from existing research, the analysis examines key factors such as tensile strength, filtration and waterproofing capabilities, resistance to chemical exposure, and overall cost-effectiveness. The findings underscore that each type of geosynthetic material possesses unique characteristics that significantly influence its performance in different engineering contexts. For instance, geotextiles are highly effective in soil filtration and stabilization, making them ideal for groundwork and foundation reinforcement. Geomembranes, on the other hand, offer exceptional waterproofing solutions, ensuring long-term protection against moisture and environmental degradation. Geogrids are particularly useful for enhancing the load-bearing capacity and durability of pavements, while geocells are instrumental in fortifying slopes and controlling erosion. In conclusion, the paper highlights the critical importance of carefully selecting and applying the appropriate geosynthetic materials to achieve optimal construction outcomes and ensure the longevity and reliability of engineering projects.