In the present day, the construction engineering industry in China is experiencing rapid growth, with the introduction of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology. However, the current research on the application of computer technology in building structure design is primarily focused on the traditional two-dimensional design approach, which not only proves to be inefficient but also leads to resource wastage. To address this issue, this study explores the integration of BIM technology and data mining techniques in architectural engineering structure design to optimize the process. By leveraging relational databases and XML files, a substantial volume of building model data was processed through data mining techniques, resulting in the construction of a comprehensive model. The findings from the application study of a teaching building’s architectural structure design demonstrate that adopting BIM technology for building structure design yields superior efficiency and fewer complications. Hence, this research provides valuable insights into the potential benefits of utilizing BIM technology in the construction industry.