The noise generated by fan blades is the main noise source of axial flow fans used in mines. Because of its excessive noise, the need for noise reduction is increasingly urgent. This paper takes a certain type of mine axial fan as the research object, uses Lighthill acoustic analogy theory, FW-H acoustic wave equation and Fluent numerical simulation method to compare the performance of the fan under uniform and non-uniform distribution of the guide vane, and focuses on the influence of the guide vane layout on the aerodynamic performance, flow field characteristics and noise characteristics of the fan. The results show that, compared with the uniform distribution of the guide vane, the non-uniform distribution can reduce the sound pressure level of discrete noise in the fundamental and harmonic frequencies to different degrees, and the sound energy of the fundamental and partial harmonic frequencies can be distributed in a wider frequency band, but the total sound pressure level of the fan is basically unchanged. Selecting A reasonable distribution mode can ensure the aerodynamic performance and flow field characteristics of the fan, and play a significant noise reduction effect on the low and medium frequency noise, in which the modulation amplitude A=0.2 has the best effect, and the modulation amplitude is reduced by 13.6dB at 550Hz.