The belt conveyor is an important part of the coal mine transportation system, and the state detection system is the core to ensure its safety and reliability. Traditional condition monitoring methods are difficult to achieve comprehensive and effective monitoring. Distributed acoustic fiber optic sensing system (DAS) can achieve long-distance and high spatial resolution condition monitoring, and can accurately extract vibration or acoustic signals at any position along the optical fiber. Due to this unique advantage, it has attracted more and more attention. Due to the complex working environment of the mine belt conveyor, external interference will affect the fault identification. Therefore, it is necessary to study efficient signal processing methods to improve the accuracy of fault identification. Based on this, this paper introduces the main faults of the belt conveyor and the current status of fault detection of the belt conveyor at home and abroad.