The frequent occurrence of various emergencies has seriously affected the economy and people of all countries in the world, and challenged their emergency capacity. Therefore, relief logistics, as a special logistics activity for emergency support in response to emergencies, is gradually attracting scholars’ attention. 3PL providers have professional management ability and proficient operation skills, which can quickly integrate social free resources, shorten the response time of emergency materials, and reduce the cost of relief logistics. Therefore, the logistics capability evaluation of 3PL providers under the background of emergency has research value. In this paper, on the basis of determining the evaluation index of relief logistics capability, a consistent processing matrix of expert evaluation is constructed based on multi-granularity probabilistic linguistics term sets, and the attribute weights are calculated by using the knowledge related to information entropy. In the probabilistic semantic environment, TODIM method is introduced to obtain the comprehensive dominance and ranking results of each scheme. Finally, three 3PL providers in Yunnan Province of China are taken as examples to verify the feasibility, rationality and applicability of the third-party logistics provider decision model based on the multi-granularity probabilistic linguistic TODIM method.