As an important facility for the safe operation of the reservoir, the dam is the key structure to ensure the normal operation of the reservoir. However, due to the influence of construction and environment, the dam is easy to appear hot and cold deformation, resulting in the cracking of the dam structure and other problems. Therefore, how to adopt effective methods to effectively monitor the dam structure deformation risk has become the main way to identify the dam structure safety. Optical fiber intelligent technology is an effective way to monitor the deformation of dam structure. The intelligent learning and fitting prediction of dam structure deformation and displacement can realize the risk prediction of dam structure deformation and cracking through intelligent methods. At the same time, combined with the conclusion of risk prediction, corresponding measures are formulated to ensure the safe operation of the dam. The results show that the distributed optical fiber technology can effectively obtain the deformation and displacement of the dam structure, and can be timely fed back to the monitoring and control center in real time. Meanwhile, artificial intelligence method (Gaussian process regression analysis) can be used to fit the deformation and displacement data collected. This method can effectively predict the structural deformation of levees and has strong feasibility.