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The chemical compatibility and the barrier performance of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) were examined in this paper. The use of GCLs as hydraulic barriers in liner and cover systems for waste containment facilities is on the rise. GCLs consist of a thin layer of bentonite sandwiched between two geotextiles or glued to a geomembrane. Their extremely low hydraulic conductivity to water is attributed to the bentonite in the GCLs, which is composed primarily of a smectite mineral. However, there have been concerns as to the chemical compatibility of GCLs, since bentonite is very sensitive to chemical effects and this can lead to an increase in hydraulic conductivity. The present study focuses on (1) the difference in performance between powdered and granular types of bentonite, (2) the influence of real waste leachates on the hydraulic conductivity of GCLs, (3) the effect of the overburden pressure on the hydraulic conductivity of GCLs, and (4) the chemical compatibility of modified bentonite and its long-term performance.
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