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The White Cart Water is a small river which runs through Glasgow. Heavy rainfall has caused numerous floods in the past. Work Section 16 is a 200 m long stretch in the southern part of Glasgow. For this section, a secant pile wall with an in-situ reinforced concrete wall on top has been proposed to form the flood defence wall. High differential water loads without anchoring possibilities, an existing wall which had to be maintained and the presence of tenement buildings at a short distance from the wall were part of the engineering challenges. Furthermore, the piled wall had to be constructed in difficult soil conditions consisting of overconsolidated clays underlain by sandstone and siltstone. A large soil investigation program was performed to obtain the required soil and rock parameters. For the latter parameter the methods as proposed by Hoek-Brown and Bieniawski were used. Construction of the secant pile wall was executed without problems and distress to the tenement buildings and existing wall.
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