A review is presented on three core activities of geotechnical engineering: the prediction, the monitoring and the evaluation of performance of geotechnical structures. Four types of geotechnical structures are contemplated, each with its particular type of response: Foundations (mainly deep), Earth Fills, Supported Excavations and Tunnels. Each structure is treated separately, reviewing typical response, evaluating response prediction, reviewing procedures for response monitoring, evaluating performance and discussing specificities of application of Interactive Design, together with some selected case histories description. A final section is provided on geotechnical instrumentation, where requirements for planning and selection of instruments to be used are reviewed and recent fibre optic monitoring developments are discussed. A section with summary and conclusions is finally added.