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Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are immature endothelial cells (ECs) present in blood circulation that are involved in neo-vascularization and correction of ischemic sites. Several cardiovascular disorders are correlated with patients inefficient and impaired EPCs, therefore, cell therapy using functional allogenic EPCs are considered as only alternative. Many studies show that cord blood (CB) yields much more EPCs than adult peripheral blood (APB), and these CB-EPCs are also more active. However, due to the reaction of host immune response to allogenic cells which usually lead to their rejection, we have investigated the exact impact of EPCs on immune cells. The pro-angiogenic and regenerative properties of EPCs have been already reported. However, little is known about their immunological features. Using different in-vitro combinations, we performed co-cultures of EPCs and T cells to investigate the interaction of EPCs and immune system. We demonstrated that both CB-EPCs APB-EPCs are able to suppress total PBMCs and among them T cell proliferation. In addition, our results reveal a more accentuated immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory function of CB-EPCs in comparison to APB-EPCs. This finding proves that CB-EPCs are more proper to cell therapy applications. Displaying both angiogenic and immunosuppressive properties make them the ideal choice for pathological conditions in which both functions are critical.
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