Machine Learning research and its application have gained enormous relevance in recent years. Their usage in medical settings could support patients, increase patient safety and assist health professionals in various tasks. However, medical data is often sparse, which renders big data analytics methods like deep learning ineffective. Data synthesis helps to augment small data sets and potentially improves patient data integrity. The presented work illustrates how Generative Adversarial Networks can be applied specifically to small data sets for enlarging sparse data. Following a state-of-the-art analysis is conducted, experimental methods with such networks are documented, which have been applied to three different data sets. Results from all three sets are presented and take-away messages are summarized. Concluding, the results’ quality and limitations of the work are discussed.