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With the benefits of context-aware and the smartphone's participatory sensing potential, individual activity recognition (IAR) has proven to be enormously importance for stampede prediction in a crowd using a geographical location and global positioning system (GPS) data. In the case of an unforeseen incident and in an emergency situations whether in a small or large gathering. The research effort used Kalman filter to remove uncertainty through sensor fusion to create room for a reliable measurement for abnormality prediction. This paper, addressed the following questions. (i) How to determine the flow direction and the velocity of peoples' movement in a crowd to know when stampede will occur? (ii) What is the role of sensor fusion in a crowd scenario? Two scenarios experimented on IAR with accelerometer, GPS, and digital compass sensors to determine the flow pattern of participants' movement in a crowd using the flow velocity Vsi and flow direction Dsi, in the proposed stampede prediction approach. The experimental results show the effect of Vsi and Dsi for different group locations and serve as a pointer to reduce risk towards mitigation of crowd disaster and enhanced the existing context-aware framework to save human lives in our society if used in crowd scenarios.
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