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Time synchronization plays an essential role in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). Many time synchronization methods have been proposed for terrestrial wireless sensor networks. However, none of them can be directly applied to UWSNs, because there are two fundamental challenges namely large propagation delays and node mobility. In this paper, we proposed a velocity-based time synchronization algorithm, called V-Sync. It's a novel method for multi-hop mobile UWSNs, which investigates the relationship between time-varying propagation delay and node mobility to eliminate the effect of node mobility and then corrects time deviation. In addition, it generates a stratified node model to make the multi-hop network time synchronized. Simulation results show that V-Sync achieves high precision and outperforms the existing time synchronization algorithms obviously.
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