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Although small-scale testing suggests that vertical drains can be effective in mitigating liquefaction induced pore pressure and displacements, no full-scale drain installation has been subjected to an earthquake. To address this problem, full-scale tests with vertical drains were conducted in loose liquefiable sand using a 6 m high laminar shear box and high-speed shaking system. Tests involved 75 mm diameter slotted plastic drain piles at 0.9 m center-to-center spacing. The sand was deposited by water pluviation to a relative density between 35 to 45%. Base input motions consisted of 15 sinusoidal cycles with peak accelerations increasing from 0.05g, to 0.10g, to 0.20g. In contrast to tests with untreated sand, which liquefied completely after only a few cycles, the drains were successful in increasing the number of cycles to liquefaction. In addition, pore pressure dissipation at the end of shaking was markedly increased. While liquefaction was not prevented in all cases, the ground surface settlement was reduced by 40 to 60% relative to that for the untreated sand case. This result is in agreement with previous centrifuge and blast liquefaction field tests.
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